Roman Jakobson - Three manners of interpreting a lingual sing

Roman Jakobson - russian linguist in 1959 writes the essay ‘on linguistic aspects of translation’ in which states that meaning of one world is a linguistic phenomenon and he notes three manners of interpreting a lingual sign:

Rewording (intralingual) – which consists of intrepreting lingual sings by means of other sings form the same language (italian-italian, synonyms). For example:

                                           Ragazzo – fanciullo, adoloscente

                                           Boy – a male child, adoloscent, a young man

                                           Chłopak – młodzieniec, młodziak, małolatek

Translation (interlingual) – which consists of interpreting lingual sings by means of sings from another language, so between two languages (english-italian)

                                            Scuola – school – szkoła

                                            Matita – pencil – ołówek

                                            Negozio – sklep - shop

Transmutation (intersemiotic) – which consists of interpreting sings by means of sings forn non-lingual sings system.

                                             Even version of a painting in words

                                                                                                                 Resource: Google

Roman Jakobson was fascinated by the fact what translation means and he was devoloping the first theory about equivalence. According to he, this notion means the similarity between a word in one language and its translation in other. However, Roman Jakobson’s study of equivalence gave new impetus to the theoretical analysis of translation. We can conclude that Jakobson’s theory is essentially based on his semiotic approach to translation according to which the translator would like be to able to search the equivalences.