Methods of translation
Adaptation (free translation) is a translation method in which the translator replaces references to the source society or culture with corresponding features of the target society or culture which are more appropriate for readers of the target text.
Loan translation is a translation method whereby the translator translates a phrase literally into the target language (know as word for word translation).
Compensation is a method of translation whereby the translator can get around stylistic difficulties in the source text by introducing similar stylistic effects at other points in the target text. For example, many languages use two different second-person pronouns, one formal and one informal (French tu and vous, Spanish tú and Usted, Italian tu e Lei). Only English very rarely makes this distinction, so the translator must convey this in another way, using first names or nicknames, or through syntactic constructions which are seen as informal in English (I’m, you’re, gonna, dontcha).
Borrowing is a method of translation in which the translator uses a word or phrase from the source text in the target text without changing it. Borrowed words are normal printed in italics if the word is not regarded as having been integrated into the vocabulary of the target language.
Paraphrase is a method of translation in which the translator renders one term in the source text using several words or an entire phrase.
Translator’s note is an explanation, usually a footnote, which the translator inserts to give details about the either the limitations of a translation or the source culture or any other information he or she feels is useful.
The recently deceased Stanisław Barańczak was a master at the first one (free translation), but it was by no means an easy option. He simply wanted the text to achieve a similar effect in translation as in the original, especially if humour was involved. At the same time, however, he was exceptionally accurate linguistically (rhymes, number of syllables, rhythm, etc. - all that was meticulously preserved). If you are interested in literary translation, check out his book "Ocealone w tłumaczeniu". I'm sure you would find it inspiring - unless you already know it, of course :)
OdpowiedzUsuńThanks mate, good tips on my test ;)
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