The strategies

Teresa Tomaszkiewicz, the author of Audiovisual Translation, offers the strategy in film sutitling.
The strategies are:

- Omission when the cultural reference is omitted altogether
- Literar translation where the solution in the target text matches, original as closely as possible
- Borrowing where original terms from the source text are used in target text
- Equivalence where translation has a similar meaning and function as the target culture
- Adaptation where the translation is adjusted to the target language and culture in an attempt to evoke similar connotations to the original text.
- Generalisation which might also be referred to as neutralisation of original.
- Explication which usualy involes a paraphrase to explain cultural term.

The mode of translation usually limits the strategies available to translator. Teresa Tomaszkiewicz discussed eight strategies in operation in film subtitling.

Voice-over method

The third audiovisual translation is a professional voice-over which is still very important in certain countries and for certain types of videos and audiences. Voice-over is method which consists of record over the original audio which can be heard in the background, using a single voice. This method is most commonly used for documentaries, training materials but also for movies. One of advantages of voice-over translation is better focus on the action displayed (especially if there are graphics or on-screen information). In other words the voice-over is a process of replacing a narration voice track in a foreign language in a multimedia medium. This method is very popular in Poland. Lectors which are traditionally men with husky voices read all dialogue in Polish. While the lector drones on, viewers hear the original soundtrack faintly in the background. I think that most Polish people prefer to watch movie with voice-over. But I would like to point out the education value of subtitles in the process of learning a foreign language. If you learn Italian watch movies with subtitles.